Preferably, these measuring means are based on the evaluation of a transmitted and received, reflected radar signal.
解答例
Although such radar systems are not yet in standard use in motor vehicles, the expert is aware of them.
The use of radar systems for providing distance warnings and for regulating distance in motor vehicles is described in Walliser et al.: Elektronik im Kraftfahrzeugwesen [Motor Vehicle Electronics], 2nd edition, Expert-Verlag, Renningen-Malsheim 1997, pages 308 to 331.
Radar systems have the advantage over optical or acoustic methods that attenuation due to rain and mist is low.
Possible frequencies specified are 35 GHz and 78 GHz.
In addition, WO 94/16340 describes a computerized radar method for measuring distances and relative speeds between a vehicle and obstacles in front of it.
In this method, radar signals are transmitted which are reflected by another vehicle or an obstacle.
The reflected radar signals are in turn picked up and evaluated.
The relative speed between the motor vehicle containing the system and another vehicle or obstacle is determined on the basis of the Doppler shift in the frequency of the transmitted and reflected signals.
Since the radar signal is transmitted in pulsed form, the timing of the pulse can be used to ascertain the distance between the motor vehicle and the vehicle or obstacle reflecting the radar pulse.
To distinguish between actual obstacles and apparent obstacles reliably, the method described in the aforementioned patent application can be used, for example.
Any known radio system can be used for transmitting the emergency call.
To ensure reliable transmission of the emergency call, this system should have universal coverage, however.
On account of the fact that mobile radio systems based on the GSM standard are already very widespread in Europe, these systems are particularly preferred here, as are systems based on the more recent UMTS standard.
These can be the known D and E networks, for example.
Corresponding systems are sufficiently well known to the expert and are also established for use in motor vehicles, so that there is no need for them to be described in more detail here.
A system for aiding ground maneuvering of an airplane.
The system includes at least one camera mounted on the airplane for generating video images of at last one gear with tires, preferably a main or nose landing gear and the surrounding ground.
The cockpit of the airplane includes a video display device that displays the generated video images and a user interface that allows selection of the format for displaying the generated video images.
A camera mounted within a moveable component of the airplane is mounted on a movable device that compensates for component movement.
The system also includes a display generator for generating in real-time superimposed oversteer targets on the displayed video images.
The video images with oversteer targets assist the pilot in determining the airplane's actual position relative to runways, taxiways, obstacles and other ground features and to maneuver a plane with a wide wheel track long wheelbase, or both accordingly.
This invention relates to airplanes and more particularly to airplane ground maneuvering systems.
As airplanes get larger, the distance between the main landing gear and nose landing gear (i.e., wheelbase and distance between each main landing gear (track)) becomes greater.
As a result, turning maneuvers require more space.
Because most airports were constructed to handle smaller, more maneuverable airplanes with shorter wheelbases and tracks, large airplane maneuvering becomes even more difficult.
The restricted widths of the runways and taxiways, coupled with greater airport congestion, have made it progressively more difficult for pilots of large commercial airplanes to make tight maneuvers.
Maneuvering large airplanes is difficult because of a lack of feedback to the pilots about relative positioning of the landing gear on the ground.
The lack of feedback occurs because an airplane's landing gear are located beneath the fuselage or wings.
Accurate knowledge of the location of landing gear, specifically the tires and wheels of the landing gear, is particularly important when maneuvering in tight spaces at crowded airports.
