A pilot's ability to see runway and taxiway edges, ground service vehicles and potential obstructions is also very limited in large airplanes.
解答例
In smaller airplanes, pilots steer the airplane such that the cockpit of the airplane remains over a painted nosewheel guideline or the estimated nosewheel location remains over the nosewheel guideline while executing taxiway-to-taxiway turns.
Pilots of large airplanes typically use "judgmental oversteering," deliberately making the nosewheel follow a path outside of the nosewheel guideline, thereby reducing the probability that the wheels of the inside turning main landing gear will run off of the pavement or hit edge lights, flags or signs.
Precise control of judgmental oversteering is prone to error and to occasional incidents of wheels running off the runway/taxiway and causing damage to the airplane or to ground installations in large airplanes with large distances between the pilot and the main landing gear.
One method for lessening the chances of the above-mentioned oversteering problems occurring is the addition of large radius airplane nosewheel guidelines that are offset relative to existing centerline-to-centerline faired circular arc guidelines.
Because this method is airport-dependent rather than airplane-dependent, it has the potential disadvantage of misguiding small airplanes.
Large airplanes with long wheel bases and wide main gear track also face challenges in other types of ground maneuvers such as gate entry maneuvers and runway or turnpad U-turn maneuvers.
The present invention provides a system for aiding the maneuvering of airplanes.
The system includes at least one, and preferably several, cameras for generating video images.
The camera(s) is mounted on the airplane so that it can simultaneously view at least one landing gear, preferably a main or nose landing gear, and the ground surrounding it to allow the pilot to safely steer the airplane.
The system also includes a video display within the cockpit of the airplane for displaying the generated video images and a user interface for selecting the timing and optionally the format for displaying the generated video images.
In accordance with other aspects of this invention, a camera is mounted on the belly, and/or on the horizontal or vertical stabilizer of the airplane.
The belly-mounted camera is positioned either between the nose landing gear and the two main landing gear, between the tall of the airplane and the two main landing gear, forward of the nose landing gear or under a wing of the airplane.
In accordance with further aspects of this invention, a camera is mounted on a movable device located within a moveable component of the airplane.
The movable device compensates for component movement, such that the generated video images are substantially unaffected on the display screen when the component moves.
In accordance with still other aspects of this invention, the system includes an image motion compensation processor and a display generator for aiding the ground maneuvering of airplanes with wide wheel tracks, long wheelbases, or both.
The image motion compensation processor determines the airplane's position with respect to airport surface markings and equipment displayed within the displayed video images.
The display generator generates and displays a superimposed oversteer target on the displayed video images based on the determined airplane position with respect to airport surface markings and equipment.
The oversteer target may also be the corner or edge of a carefully selected field of view.
The airplane is properly oversteered and executes a guided oversteer turn when the oversteer target is directed by the pilot to track along a painted nosewheel guideline or centerline which is visible on the display.
The display generator also generates and displays superimposed images on the displayed video images for identifying the location of the main landing gear of the airplane, the lateral clearance of airport surface markings and equipment, and the contact point of the landing gear wheels and the airport surface.
In accordance with still further aspects of this invention, the cockpit display device presents video images from multiple cameras in a split-screen format or allows pilots to select views individually.
As will be readily appreciated from the foregoing summary, the invention provides a system for allowing pilots to accurately steer large airplanes during taxiway to taxiway turns, U-turns, and gate maneuvering turns.
Thus, this system reduces the chances of large airplanes maneuvering off the designated taxiway or runway, into ground service vehicles, ground personnel or into ground installations.
This system can also provide visibility of turnaround activities.
A windshield wiper blade cleaning system for a vehicle includes a plurality of wiper blades for movement across a windshield of a vehicle.
The windshield wiper blade cleaning system includes a nozzle body adapted to be disposed in an air intake plenum of the vehicle and connected to a source of fluid.
The nozzle body has a nozzle to extend above the wiper blades in response to fluid pressure from the source of fluid to spray the fluid through the nozzle and onto the wiper blades to clean the wiper blades.
The present invention relates generally to windshield wiper blades for vehicles and, more particularly, to a windshield wiper blade cleaning system for a vehicle.
It is known to provide windshield wiper blades for a windshield of a vehicle.
